The Times: Down wiv school: children are best educated at home

by James Bartholemew, Adam Smith Fellow in Welfare (September, 5 2008)

It is back-to-school this week. All over the country, stressed parents made last-minute dashes to the shops to force children to try on clumpy school shoes. Then they got up early, hurried their children into cars or on to buses, got stuck in jams, arrived later than intended and said a rushed goodbye. Then they found that the children had gone. Relief may have been mixed with melancholy, loss and a hope that the children were all right behind those high windows, told what to do by strangers.

The return to school is a well-established part of the journey of life. It seems normal, right and inevitable. But actually it is none of these things. Yes, it is normal in the early 21st century. But if modern civilisation started about 10,000 years ago, this way of treating children has been “normal" only for the last 2 per cent of the time. It is a new, artificial construct designed to provide education at low cost. It certainly was not created to provide a pleasant or socialising experience for children.

Schools are not clearly “right", either. People tend to think that what everyone does and what they themselves experienced must be right. But there is nothing obviously ideal about delivering your children to other people who do not love them as you do, and who are likely to teach them things with which you may disagree. And sending children to school is not inevitable. Under the law, children must be educated. But they do not have to be educated at a school. There is another way.

Home education is not for everyone - not even a large minority. It is a luxury in most cases. The parent who becomes a home teacher earns no money. There have to be savings, or partners, husbands or wives must be willing to pay the bills. But lots of well-educated wives do not work and could save money by home educating. For those who can find a way, home-educating is a glorious, liberating, empowering, profoundly fulfilling thing to do. Far more people should try it. At present it is estimated that about 50,000 children are taught this way. The number has jumped from a decade ago but is still very few compared with America.

I have just finished two years of teaching my younger daughter, Alex, now 11. We have become very close. Many fathers see their children at supper time and a bit more at weekends. Alex and I were with each other all day, every weekday, in all sorts of places and circumstances. We knew and shared thoughts, ideas and feelings. I believe the closeness that we developed will benefit our relationship for the rest of our lives.

We had enjoyable educational trips to France, Italy and China. Instead of learning about the eruptions of Mount Vesuvius from a text book, Alex and I climbed up to the rim and peered into the still-smoking crater. We visited Pompeii and Oplontis to see the parts of Roman civilisation that had been preserved by the most famous of its eruptions.

One of the beauties of home education is that you can teach children things that you want them to know - some of which are not taught in most schools. I wanted Alex to know something of the origin of the Universe, and astronomy. We studied far more history than schools do, including overviews of Rome, China and Britain. We looked at the Second World War, using DVDs of the superb Channel 4 series on it. We started learning Italian. But all parents would have different ideas of what they want their children to know. You can go for whatever you think important. This is freedom, thrilling freedom. You don't have to teach just what some civil servant in Whitehall has lighted upon and stuck in the national curriculum.

It is strange that children all over the country study the same bits of history - all knowing certain periods and hardly studying outside them. It verges on the totalitarian. With home education, there can be enormous diversity. At the same time, there is nothing to stop one's child taking the same GCSEs and Alevels that others are taking.

But some of the greatest gains from home education are not easily measured or tested. They come from the daily flow of conversation - the times when your child asks you a question and a conversation follows.

You may make an observation, or your child may see something and become interested in it. If that happens, you can encourage the interest. This is developing the ability to think and discuss. It is a big contrast with what happens at school where it is impossible in a class of 25 to chase the individual interests of everyone present or to enter separate conversations. It may even be the case that schools can damage a child's curiosity and enthusiasm for learning. I have seen children totally turned off education and making no attempt to hide how bored they are.

The widespread concern is that a home-educated child misses out on “socialisation". But I have never heard anyone offer any evidence for this. As far as I know, the evidence from America is rather the other way - home-educated children are better socialised. We know that young children left in inferior nurseries and not given much attention can get withdrawn or aggressive. It is possible, to put it no higher, that being left at school and not given much attention can, in some cases, have a similar, if milder, damaging effect on older children.

You don't have to educate a child for all his or her years of learning. It could be for just one or two. Several teachers have told me that they would love to take their children on a round-the-world journey, perhaps when their offspring are aged somewhere between 11 and 14. I would recommend it.

Home education, however you structure it, can bring you and your child closer together. You can both learn. You will have shared experiences that will enrich your relationship for ever. Yes, there will also be arguments and tears. But children and parents who never experience it are missing out badly.

Published in The Times here

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Telegraph.co.uk: Alex Salmond has the wrong answer on council tax

by Douglas Carswell (September, 4 2008)

Anything Alex Salmond says seems to trigger knee-jerk hostility from some. But personally, I think he is on to something.

Salmond seems to grasp what many in the political establishment - north and south of the border - would rather ignore: the council tax system is unsustainable.

As a way of raising money to pay for local services, it's unfair. Worse, it's extraordinarily undemocratic. How a community votes in local elections has almost zero bearing on what rates of council tax them pay - and what local services are provided. With £3 out of every £4 spent by local councils coming from central government, under the current system, town halls are satellites of Whitehall.

No wonder most people no longer part in local elections. They are not apathetic. Rather they have perceptively clocked the fact that there is no real local democracy worth participating in.

If Salmond understands the problem, he is less convincing in his solution. In what sense is an across-the-board 3p surcharge on income tax, a local tax? In the jargon, it'd merely be a locally hypothecated band on top of national income tax. In plain English, it ain't local. Moreover, there would be profound problems with accountability.

My own preferred option is for a local sales tax, not a local income tax. In a paper I wrote for the Adam Smith Institute, I showed how one might convert existing VAT into a local sales tax.

My idea has several advantages over the Salmond plan: it would convert an existing national tax into a local tax; it would allow local variability; and it would encourage tax competition.

Those who object to my idea for a local sales tax often suggest Britain is "too small" for separate tax jurisdiction. Like New Hampshire or Vermont or Maine, you mean? The fact that people might be able to shop around between different county and metropolitan tax jurisdictions is one of the advantages in the scheme - not a reason against it.

Others worry it would mean a greater burden on business. Not true. Having scrapped VAT, businesses would no longer be compelled to act as an unpaid army of tax assessors for central government. The local sales tax would only be levied at the point of retail, axing a forest of paper work in the process.

Others fret that replacing VAT with a local sales tax would be incompatible with our existing EU treaty obligations. Suits me.

Commentators often suggest that the internet will have a revolutionary impact on politics - without necessarily realising what these changes will actually mean. The internet will remove barriers to entry in politics, and allow more competition, just as in business and commerce.

But it'll also "aggregate". In non-techie speak, that means bring together lots of people with common interests. When a few dozen people refuse to pay their council tax, they have a problem. If tens of thousands together refused, the state would have a problem.

However wrong it would be, a web-based council tax strike is no longer quite so unthinkable - but we must not leave it up to Alex Salmond to think up the tax's alternatives.

Published by the Telegraph here

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2084

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Telegraph.co.uk: The BBC should not be publishing Lonely Planet guides

by Eamonn Butler (1 September 1 2008)

Disappointed at the last licence-fee settlement, BBC executives have been striving to boost the Corporation's commercial income instead. And in the process they have been annoying rather a lot of businesspeople.

Private-sector online content providers have been complaining at the unfair competition posed by the BBC's huge, tax-subsidized website. And now Tony Elliot, the founder of listings magazine Time Out and its associated travel guides, is livid at the Beeb's acquisition of rival travel guide publisher Lonely Planet through its commercial arm, BBC Worldwide.

When taxpayer-funded corporations start competing with private companies, the danger of unfair competition is obvious. Public funds are intended for public purposes. If private providers can do the same job - or better - the state should stick to its knitting and let them get on with it. We don't need a state-backed magazine publisher any more than we need state supermarkets.

BBC Worldwide wields a great brand, the BBC name seeming to guarantee both accuracy and quality. And perhaps because of that, it is booming, with profits last year of £118m on a turnover of £916m.

But it is properly a commercial enterprise and should be privatised. Of course, if the new owners wanted to keep the BBC brand - and overcome charges of living off something that rightly belongs to taxpayers - they would have to pay generously for it.

Let's start the bidding at £2bn, though it's probable that the final price would be a lot higher than that.

Published in telegraph.co.uk here

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2041

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Telegraph.co.uk: Free markets promote good morals

By Eamonn Butler (August 29 2008)

Nick Spencer of Theos complains that the Right's "almost monomaniacal focus" on markets "has blinded it to the fact that the market does not necessarily foster ‘good character' and may, if allowed to eat its way through communities and civil society, actively destroy it."

Now I'm as strong a believer in paying unto Caesar as Nick is: there are some things - like St. Augustine's "corporately felt commitments and unarticulated impulses" (what we might call community spirit and human decency) - that are simply outside the market sphere.

But far from eroding such virtues, the market actually promotes them. It rewards us for providing the goods and services that other people need, and it rewards them for providing what we need. It's a vast, efficient, worldwide mutual-cooperation device. And to enjoy its full benefits we have to obey its rules - treating others with honesty and respect.

When resources come through the state, however, such civility and good character evaporates: reward comes not through cooperating with others, but by promoting your claim above theirs an elbowing them out of the way.

Markets are also about choice. They give people options, both in the range of goods and services they strive for, and in the way they choose to deal with others.

And from that, we learn. People need choice to grow - economically, politically and morally. A government that tells us how to behave and what we will consume produces a society of ciphers, not a civil society in which "good character" might develop.

Published by telegraph.co.uk here

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2065

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Telegraph.co.uk: Some privatisations for Gerry Grimstone to consider

by Eamonn Butler (August 28 2008)

You know the economy must be bad when even Gordon Brown decides to sell off some of the family silver to plug the hole in the Government's finances. As the Sunday Telegraph reported, he has hired Standard Life chairman Gerry Grimstone to help him sell a large number of his precious state assets.

It's a daunting job, but Grimstone, someone who has overseen perhaps 20 privatisation deals, is just the man to do it. In Mrs Thatcher's Treasury he was put in charge of privatisation policy, and in the private sector he carried on structuring more state sell-offs.

Fortunately, a lot of the work has already been done for him. Last April, in the Adam Smith Institute's Privatization: Reviving the Momentum, city analyst Nigel Hawkins identified a whole list of privatisation targets that should bring in a cool £20bn or so.

Grimstone might like to start with the Royal Mail, worth about £4bn in itself. Other countries' post offices are booming since being privatised, so we don't we liberate ours from the state too?

Then there's BBC Worldwide, a back catalogue of programming which would bring in another £2bn at least. He could throw in Channel 4 for another £1bn or so.

Among the utilities there is Scottish Water, £5bn, Glas Cymru £4bn, and Northern Ireland Water £1bn, British Energy and the atom company Urenco would net a useful £10bn. Then there's air traffic control, the trust ports, the Commonwealth Development Corporation, and the state betting shop, the Tote.

Published in Telegraph.co.uk here

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1962

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The Times: Immigration to make Britain Europe’s most crowded nation

by Rory Watson in Brussels and Richard Ford (August, 27 2008)

Britain is set to become Europe’s most highly populated nation within two generations, driven by immigration.

Forecasts published by the European Commission suggest that Britain will overtake Germany within 50 years as the population rises from 60.9 million today to 77 million.

The projected 25 per cent increase triggered renewed calls for the Government to stem the flow of immigration, which has surged since Labour came to power 11 years ago. Increasing population, together with a rise in the number of elderly people, will heap further pressure on public services, particular the NHS.

Dominic Grieve, the Shadow Home Secretary, said that the report showed a coherent strategy was needed to deal with population growth. “This not only requires an annual limit on immigration, which takes into account its impact on the public service infrastructure and cohesion," he said, “it also requires us to tackle other issues like family breakdown which have a direct effect on resource use in our country, as well as to improve our skills base."

A Home Office spokesman said that the Government was introducing a points-based immigration system to ensure only those individuals that Britain needed could come here to work or study. “The points system is flexible, allowing us to raise or lower the bar according to the needs of business and the country as a whole," he said.

The latest figures suggest that the number of people over the age of 80 in Europe will almost triple from 22 million to 61 million within 50 years, when there will be two people of working age to support every pensioner. The current ratio is four to one.

While Britain’s population is set to rise by a quarter, the biggest increases will be in smaller countries. The population of Cyprus will rise by 60 per cent and those of Ireland and Luxembourg by more than 50 per cent, the Commission estimates.

The population of France, which has the highest birth rate in Europe, will increase to 72 million, while Spain will grow from 45 million to 52 million. Germany, by contrast, will shrink from more than 82 million inhabitants to about 70 million, because of a trend towards smaller families.

The populations of 14 of the EU’s 27 members are expected to be smaller in 50 years than now. The most significant changes will be in countries that have joined the EU only recently. The population of Bulgaria is forecast to fall by 28 per cent, Latvia by 26 per cent, Lithuania 24 per cent, Romania 21 per cent and Poland 18 per cent.

EU statisticians predict that within seven years deaths will outnumber births and that the only source of population growth will be migration as people on Europe’s eastern and southern flanks look to improve their lot by emigrating to the Union.

In the short-term, the number of citizens in the EU is expected to rise from 495 million today to 521 million by 2035. But from this peak, it will gradually decline to 506 million in 2060.

A European Commission spokeswoman said: “We are concerned with finding out whether our member states will be able to pay for the costs linked to ageing, and whether future generations will not be overburdened."

Tom Clougherty, the policy director at the Adam Smith Institute, said that the projected 25 per cent increase in Britain’s population would have a significant impact on infrastructure and public services. “The main implications will be for housing and transport, both of which are already in short supply," he said.

“In the former, we have a market that is restricted by planning regulations, preventing developers from meeting demand, while in the latter there has been a lack of government investment."

Public services would also come under strain. “In healthcare the rationing that we are seeing already is likely to get worse," he said.

However, John Salt, from the Migration Research Unit at University College London, said: “I do not think anybody is really in a position at the moment to plan for what is likely to be happening in 50 or 60 years time. There are too many variables. For instance, we do not know how long the present trend on net migration is going to continue."

Published in The Times here

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1959

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Business Standard: The politician's tragedy - From hubris to nemesis

by Deepak Lal, Senior Fellow in Globalization (August 26, 2008)

Manmohan Singh is the sort of hero that Homer knew — a man of strength, courage and wisdom.

Observing the political scene two phenomena are notable. First, that academic political social science’s claims to be able to predict political outcomes through quantitative analysis are little more than statistical snake oil (see my April column). Second, that many political careers have the lineaments of Greek and Shakespearean tragedy. This column is about this politician’s tragedy.

Political scientists as well as many historians remain sceptical of the role of individuals in determining political outcomes, relying instead on deeper social and economic causes. For them the Greek tragic sense, also embodied in Shakespeare’s tragedies, is an archaic and irrelevant form of explanation. It is useful to see how this has come about. There is no better guide than the eminent literary critic George Steiner, whose 1961 book on The Death of Tragedy I have been rereading.

The Greek tragic sense of life asserts that “the forces which shape or destroy our lives lie outside the governance of reason or justice" (p. 4). The Fates govern human lives. Amongst them is Lachesis, chance, the element of luck that a man had a right to expect. But, he can suffer from hubris: through offending the moral law or overweening pride. Such imprudent mortals were pursued by Nemesis — the divine anger — and destroyed.

This Greek tragic sense, Steiner argues, is alien to the Judaeo-Christian sense of the world, which sees Jehovah as just, even in his fury. Not only are the ways of God just, they are also rational — a view strengthened by the Enlightenment, particularly Rousseau. “The misery and injustice of man’s fate were not … the consequence of some tragic, immutable flaw in human nature … The chains of man ... were man-forged. They could be broken by human hammers" (p. 125). Marxism inherited this Judaeo-Christian and Enlightenment insistence on justice and reason. Marx repudiated tragedy. “Necessity," he declared, “is blind only in so far as it is not understood." Tragic [Greek] drama arises out of precisely the contrary assertion: necessity is blind and man’s encounter with it shall rob him of his eyes, whether it be in Thebes or in Gaza" (p. 4-5). The end of this Greek sense of tragedy in the modern world was replaced by the “rationalist" pretensions of political science and sociology.

Now consider how the Greek sense of tragedy still imbues some recent political careers.

The first is the fall of Margaret Thatcher, and the consequent banishment of her party to the political wilderness for over a decade. Her hubristic moment came with the introduction of the Poll Tax. This gave the opportunity for her political assassination by her colleagues. But, as in Julius Caesar, their resolve, self-belief and hold on power were undermined, as was Brutus’ by Caesar’s ghost at Philippi. Only with the retirement of that whole generation of Conservative conspirators has the party finally escaped the stain of her assassination.

The second example of hubris followed by nemesis is the embattled Labour prime minister, Gordon Brown. He achieved his life time ambition last June — albeit by a coup against his elected predecessor — and glowed for a few months in public adulation, as he dealt with Biblical style afflictions: floods and terrorist attacks. His position seemed so unassailable that every one thought he would call a snap general election last October, which he would have won, legitimising his ascent to the top of the greasy pole. But then like Hamlet, he prevaricated. Since then, his and his party’s poll ratings have plummeted. Conspiracies to assassinate him politically are rife. Watching him lurching, bruised at PM’s Question Time in the weekly joust with David Cameron, who like the legendary Mohammad Ali seems to “float like a butterfly and sting like a bee", one forgets that as a young opposition politician he was a formidable debater. Though his claims to have abolished the trade cycle, and to being the greatest Chancellor since Gladstone, can be looked upon as tempting the Fates, he can hardly be blamed for Britain’s current economic woes. His current woes defy a rational explanation. It does seem like hubris followed by nemesis.

The third exhibit is Pervez Musharraf. Two years ago, his position seemed unassailable. He was triumphantly promoting his autobiography on the steps of the White House. He had deftly made himself indispensible in the US-led War on Terror, even as it now seems the ISI continued to be involved in promoting the Taliban’s resurgence in Afghanistan. His moves for a rapprochement with India on Kashmir, and attempts to counter Islamist influences at home, seemed to augur well for making Pakistan a “normal" secular Muslim country like Turkey. His well-chosen technocratic economic team engineered an economic boom, albeit on the basis of large inflows of foreign aid. Then, inexplicably, he decided to sack the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and the rest is history. No rational explanation seems to explain this change in his fortunes, except hubris followed by nemesis.

A final, but less politically weighty example is provided by Manmohan Singh’s coalition partners (in particular Comrade Karat), who have exercised power without responsibility. Having over-reached themselves on the US-India nuclear agreement, they find themselves on the way to being consigned to the dustbin of history. Hubris, bred of their sense of electoral indispensability, has led to nemesis: no more dining at top tables, or being wooed by the TV channels!

The Greeks, however, also believed in heroes. Homer saw the Greek hero as a man of strength and courage or one who was especially venerated for his wisdom. India today has such a hero — Dr Manmohan Singh. He has in his two terms of political office saved India from the economic, and (if the Indo-US nuclear deal is completed) the foreign policy morass in which India had been mired. Being an accidental politician he will, hopefully, not suffer from the politician’s tragedy.

Published in the Business Standard here

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2169

Old Teaser

BBC: Eamonn Butler on The Westminster Hour

Click here to see this item on the BBC website.

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1979

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The Scotsman: Business Miscellany

(23 August 2008)

CATCH UP ON THE WEEK

MONDAY

THE UK faces recession in the next six to nine months, particularly if interest rates are not cut, the British Chambers of Commerce warned, referring to a "difficult and risky climate". UK growth will be slightly negative or zero in the next two or three quarters. It said a major recession is unlikely.

TUESDAY

STERLING continued its dramatic fall against the dollar and slipped versus the euro after Bank of England policy maker Tim Besley, left, said inflation will fall by the end of next year, adding to the case for interest rate cuts. The currency extended its longest sequence of declines against the dollar in more than 37 years. Increases in food and energy prices are likely to slow.

WEDNESDAY

BAA, the airports operator owned by Spain's Ferrovial, was told by the Competition Commission that it may have to sell either Edinburgh or Glasgow airport. It may also have to sell two of its three London airports – Heathrow, Gatwick or Stansted – to end its near monopoly. The ruling will be subject to a consultation process, but is likely to be rubber-stamped by the commission in a final report due early next year.

THURSDAY

RETAIL sales increased by 0.8% last month, according to the latest figures from the Office for National Statistics. The unexpected jump went against analysts' predictions of a 0.3% drop and called the scale of the consumer slowdown into question.

FRIDAY

OIL briefly rose above $121 a barrel on mounting tension between the US and Russia, boosting European energy stocks but hurting Government bonds as inflation worries resurfaced. The rise follows similar hikes in crude prices which have gained more than 6% amid tensions over Russia's military intervention in Georgia. There is speculation that Saudi Arabia may halt the increase in production, made after appeals from the US and Britain, to increase supplies.

GOOD WEEK

Sir Martin Sorrell The chief executive of WPP, the world's second-largest advertising company, shrugged off the economic slowdown in the United States, the UK and Europe to report a 15% rise in first-half profits.

BAD WEEK

Colin Matthews The chief executive of BAA was left reeling after the Competition Commission announced plans to break up the airports operator.

WORDS ON THE WEB

"The latest economic growth statistics, which show that growth in the second quarter stood at a less-than-impressive 0%, deny Brown one of his proudest boasts, that the UK economy's enjoyed '63 quarters of successive growth'."

Peter Hoskin, www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/

"Water, it seems, is the new frontier in environmental campaigning. The WWF has released a report entitled UK Water Footprint: the impact of the UK's food and fibre consumption on global water."

www.adamsmith.org

QUOTES OF THE WEEK

It's not getting any worse."

Mike Farley, group chief executive of Persimmon, the UK's biggest housebuilder, who said that after a collapse in sales in April volumes had stabilised.

"I've been celebrating all morning. This is the best decision in the history of aviation ever."

Michael O'Leary, chief executive, Ryanair on the Competition Commission's provisional report which suggests that BAA should sell three airports.

"I'm willing to sit down with them again, but I want to talk to them privately. I don't want to conduct it in the media."

Richard North, chairman of Woolworths, defending the decision to reject an offer from Iceland founder Malcolm Walker

Published in The Scotsman here.

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1980

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Spectator.co.uk: On Britishness

by Tim Worstall (21 August 2008)

Sounds like things are all well and good in Britannia's realm:

Britons lack "national purpose" according to a study which found that most people prefer to spend their Bank Holiday watching television or surfing the internet rather than celebrating the country's heritage.

Excellent, there's nothing more repellent than a "national purpose". We hire the State to do for us the things that must be done both collectively and with coercion. To solve free rider problems more than anything else.

This doesn't mean that said State is then invested with all our hopes and dreams, nor that there is any destination in mind: certainly not that we should all agree on said destination or purpose.

Get on with defending the place, providing a criminal justice system and leave us all alone seems to be the populace's opinion and there's really not a lot more British than that.

But only 55 per cent of those quizzed by Mintel thought there should be another Bank Holiday between the end of August and Christmas, and only 50 per cent said it should celebrate Britishness.

Sadly, we still seem to have 55% of the population entirely deluded. As my colleagues over at the Adam Smith Institute have been arguing for years, we don't want more Bank Holidays, we want to abolish the very concept. Simply add the days to annual leave allowances and let people take them as, if and when they will.

This however is entirely bizarre:

The survey of 2,000 adults found that only half think there should be a special day each year in honour of Britishness, and fewer than a third want street parties and festivals such as those enjoyed across Europe.

There are street parties and festivals across Europe celebrating Britishness? Entirely apt of course, something very much worth Johnny Foreigner aspiring to but are we sure that these aren't laments for not having won the lottery of life by being born British?

Published on Spectator.co.uk here.

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1981

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